Lanzarote, a volcanic jewel in the Canary Islands, boasts a viticultural heritage as unique as its otherworldly landscape. This sun-drenched island, sculpted by fiery eruptions, has cultivated an extraordinary wine-growing tradition that defies conventional wisdom. Against all odds, Lanzarote’s winemakers have transformed an arid, ash-covered terrain into a thriving wine region, producing wines of remarkable character and complexity.
The island’s vineyards, particularly in the renowned La Geria region, present a sight unlike any other in the world. Here, grapevines emerge from individual craters in the volcanic soil, protected by semicircular stone walls that stand as a testament to human ingenuity and perseverance. This distinctive cultivation method, born of necessity, has become an integral part of Lanzarote’s cultural identity and a major draw for wine enthusiasts and tourists alike.
La geria: lanzarote’s unique viticultural landscape
La Geria stands as a monument to the indomitable spirit of Lanzarote’s people. Following devastating volcanic eruptions in the 18th century that blanketed much of the island in ash, locals discovered that this seemingly inhospitable terrain could support vine growth. The layer of volcanic ash, known locally as picón , proved to be an unexpected boon for agriculture, particularly viticulture.
Volcanic ash cultivation techniques in la geria
The cultivation techniques employed in La Geria are as unique as the landscape itself. Vines are planted in deep, conical depressions dug into the volcanic ash, some reaching depths of up to three metres. These pits serve a dual purpose: they allow the vines’ roots to reach the fertile soil beneath the ash layer and protect the plants from the strong trade winds that sweep across the island.
Surrounding each pit is a semicircular wall, known as a zoco , constructed from volcanic rock. These walls not only provide additional wind protection but also help to funnel dew and any sparse rainfall towards the vine’s roots. This ingenious system allows vines to thrive in an environment that receives less than 150mm of annual rainfall.
Malvasia volcánica: la geria’s signature grape variety
The star of La Geria’s vineyards is undoubtedly the Malvasia Volcánica grape. This variety, a close relative of the Malvasia found elsewhere in Europe, has adapted perfectly to Lanzarote’s unique terroir. The volcanic soil imparts a distinctive minerality to the wines, while the harsh growing conditions result in low yields of intensely flavoured grapes.
Malvasia Volcánica produces wines with a complex aromatic profile, often featuring notes of ripe tropical fruits, citrus, and a pronounced mineral character. These wines can range from bone-dry to lusciously sweet, showcasing the versatility of this remarkable grape variety.
Microclimates and terroir of la geria’s vineyards
La Geria’s unique landscape creates a series of microclimates that contribute to the complexity of its wines. The volcanic ash acts as a natural mulch, retaining moisture and regulating soil temperature. This helps to mitigate the effects of the intense sunlight and arid conditions, allowing grapes to ripen slowly and develop complex flavour profiles.
The proximity to the Atlantic Ocean also plays a crucial role in shaping La Geria’s terroir. Sea breezes moderate temperatures and provide essential humidity, while also contributing a subtle saline quality to some wines. This interplay of volcanic soil, innovative cultivation techniques, and maritime influence results in wines that are truly expressive of their unique origin.
UNESCO biosphere reserve status and viticulture
In recognition of its exceptional natural and cultural value, Lanzarote was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1993. This status acknowledges the island’s unique ecosystem and the harmonious relationship between its inhabitants and the environment. La Geria’s viticultural landscape is a prime example of this balance, demonstrating how traditional agricultural practices can coexist with and even enhance biodiversity.
The Biosphere Reserve status has further encouraged sustainable viticultural practices in La Geria. Many wineries have embraced organic and biodynamic farming methods, eschewing chemical interventions in favour of working in harmony with the natural ecosystem. This approach not only preserves the delicate balance of the landscape but also contributes to the production of wines that are pure expressions of their terroir.
Traditional winemaking methods in lanzarote
The winemaking traditions of Lanzarote are as unique as its viticultural practices. Centuries of isolation and the need to adapt to challenging conditions have resulted in methods that are deeply rooted in the island’s culture and intimately connected to its volcanic landscape.
Hand-harvesting practices on volcanic soil
Harvesting grapes in La Geria is a labour-intensive process that requires skill, patience, and a deep understanding of the terrain. The widely spaced vines and uneven volcanic surface make mechanisation impractical, necessitating hand-harvesting. This meticulous approach allows for careful selection of only the best grapes, contributing to the overall quality of Lanzarote’s wines.
Harvesters must navigate the rocky terrain carefully, often working in the early morning hours to avoid the intense midday heat. The low-lying vines, nestled in their protective pits, require workers to bend and stretch constantly, making grape picking in La Geria one of the most physically demanding harvests in the world of viticulture.
Bodega el grifo: lanzarote’s oldest winery
No exploration of Lanzarote’s winemaking traditions would be complete without mentioning Bodega El Grifo, the oldest winery on the island and one of the ten oldest in all of Spain. Founded in 1775, El Grifo has been at the forefront of Lanzarote’s wine industry for nearly 250 years, preserving traditional methods while embracing innovation.
El Grifo’s longevity is a testament to the resilience of Lanzarote’s wine industry. The winery has survived volcanic eruptions, economic upheavals, and changing tastes, continually adapting while maintaining a deep respect for the island’s unique terroir. Today, El Grifo not only produces some of Lanzarote’s finest wines but also houses a fascinating wine museum that offers visitors a glimpse into the island’s rich viticultural history.
Indigenous yeast fermentation techniques
Many of Lanzarote’s winemakers continue to use indigenous yeasts for fermentation, a practice that contributes to the unique character of the island’s wines. These native yeasts, which occur naturally on the grape skins and in the winery environment, are well-adapted to the local conditions and are believed to enhance the expression of terroir in the finished wines.
The use of indigenous yeasts can be challenging, as fermentations can be unpredictable and slower than those initiated with commercial yeast strains. However, many winemakers believe that this approach results in wines with greater complexity, texture, and a more authentic expression of Lanzarote’s unique terroir.
Volcanic rock ageing cellars and wine maturation
The volcanic landscape of Lanzarote extends its influence beyond the vineyard and into the winery itself. Many of the island’s bodegas feature cellars carved directly into the volcanic rock, providing ideal conditions for wine maturation. These natural caverns maintain consistent cool temperatures and humidity levels year-round, creating the perfect environment for ageing wines.
The porous nature of the volcanic rock also allows for subtle gas exchange, contributing to the slow, steady maturation of the wines. This unique ageing environment is believed to impart additional complexity and mineral notes to Lanzarote’s wines, further enhancing their distinctive character.
Lanzarote’s wine denominations and regulations
Lanzarote’s wines fall under the Denominación de Origen (DO) Lanzarote, established in 1993 to protect and promote the unique wines of the island. This appellation covers the entire island, recognising the distinctive character of wines produced across Lanzarote’s various microclimates.
The DO regulations stipulate allowable grape varieties, cultivation methods, and winemaking practices. While Malvasia Volcánica is the star variety, other permitted grapes include Listán Blanco, Moscatel, and Diego for white wines, and Listán Negro and Negramoll for reds. The regulations also recognise and protect the traditional cultivation methods unique to Lanzarote, ensuring the preservation of the island’s viticultural heritage.
In recent years, there has been a growing focus on sub-zones within the DO, recognising the distinct characteristics of wines from different parts of the island. La Geria, for instance, is increasingly recognised as a premier terroir, with some producers highlighting this on their labels.
Viticulture adaptation to lanzarote’s arid climate
The success of viticulture on Lanzarote is a testament to human ingenuity and the remarkable adaptability of grapevines. In an environment that receives less than 150mm of annual rainfall, winemakers have developed and refined techniques to not only survive but thrive.
Zanjeras: traditional water conservation systems
One of the most ingenious adaptations to Lanzarote’s arid climate is the zanjera system. These are networks of low stone walls and channels designed to capture and direct the scant rainfall and morning dew towards the vine roots. The zanjeras work in conjunction with the individual vine pits and zocos to maximise water retention and utilisation.
This system is particularly effective due to the porous nature of the volcanic ash. The picón acts like a sponge, absorbing moisture from the air and slowly releasing it to the vine roots. In this way, even the lightest rainfall or heaviest dew can be harnessed to sustain the vines through long periods of drought.
Wind-breaking stone walls and vineyard architecture
The strong trade winds that sweep across Lanzarote present another challenge for viticulture. In addition to the semicircular zocos that protect individual vines, larger stone walls are often constructed throughout the vineyards to provide broader wind protection.
These walls, built from the abundant volcanic rock, create a network of sheltered microclimates within the vineyard. They not only protect the vines from physical damage but also help to reduce evaporation, further conserving precious moisture. The result is a unique vineyard architecture that is as functional as it is visually striking.
Sustainable pest management in volcanic vineyards
The volcanic soils and arid climate of Lanzarote provide some natural advantages when it comes to pest management. The dry conditions and mineral-rich soils are inhospitable to many common vineyard pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical interventions.
Many growers on the island have embraced organic and biodynamic practices, working with the natural ecosystem to maintain vine health. Techniques such as encouraging beneficial insects, using plant-based treatments, and maintaining biodiversity in and around the vineyards are becoming increasingly common.
The vineyards of Lanzarote are a testament to the resilience of both nature and human spirit, producing wines that are as unique as the landscape from which they spring.
Wine tourism and tasting experiences in lanzarote
Lanzarote’s unique viticultural landscape and distinctive wines have made it an increasingly popular destination for wine tourism. Visitors to the island have the opportunity to explore its remarkable vineyards, learn about traditional winemaking methods, and taste wines that truly express the essence of this volcanic terroir.
Ruta del vino: lanzarote’s official wine route
The Ruta del Vino, or Wine Route, is an official tourism initiative that guides visitors through Lanzarote’s wine country. This well-organised route includes stops at some of the island’s most renowned wineries, offering a comprehensive introduction to Lanzarote’s wine culture.
Along the route, visitors can explore vineyards, tour production facilities, and enjoy guided tastings. Many wineries also offer educational experiences, allowing guests to learn about the unique cultivation methods and winemaking techniques employed on the island. The Ruta del Vino provides an excellent framework for wine enthusiasts to discover the diversity of Lanzarote’s wines and the passion of its producers.
Stratvs winery: modern architecture meets tradition
While many of Lanzarote’s wineries embrace traditional architecture, Stratvs offers a striking contrast with its modern design. This state-of-the-art facility, opened in 2008, seamlessly blends contemporary winemaking technology with respect for local traditions and terroir.
Stratvs offers visitors a unique perspective on Lanzarote’s wine industry, demonstrating how innovation can coexist with tradition. The winery’s sleek tasting room and restaurant provide a luxurious setting for wine tastings, often paired with local cuisine. Despite its modern approach, Stratvs remains committed to producing wines that authentically express Lanzarote’s unique terroir.
La casa del volcán: vineyard tours and tastings
La Casa del Volcán offers one of the most immersive wine tourism experiences on Lanzarote. This small, family-run bodega invites visitors to explore its vineyards on foot, providing an up-close look at the traditional cultivation methods employed in La Geria.
Guided tours explain the intricacies of growing vines in volcanic ash, from the construction of protective stone walls to the careful nurturing of each plant. The experience culminates in a tasting of the bodega’s wines, often accompanied by local cheeses and other artisanal products. La Casa del Volcán offers a deeply personal and educational experience, allowing visitors to truly connect with Lanzarote’s viticultural heritage.
Timanfaya national park: volcanic landscapes and wine
No visit to Lanzarote’s wine country would be complete without exploring Timanfaya National Park. This protected area showcases the dramatic volcanic landscape that has shaped the island’s viticulture. While no vines are grown within the park itself, its stark beauty provides essential context for understanding Lanzarote’s unique terroir.
Many wine tours combine visits to Timanfaya with tastings at nearby wineries, offering a comprehensive experience that links the island’s geological history with its winemaking present. The park’s visitor centre provides valuable information about the volcanic eruptions that created Lanzarote’s distinctive landscape, enhancing appreciation for the challenges and triumphs of viticulture on the island.
Lanzarote’s wine industry stands as a remarkable example of human adaptability and agricultural innovation. From the distinctive cultivation methods of La Geria to the cutting-edge winemaking at modern facilities like Stratvs, the island offers a viticultural experience unlike any other in the world. As you explore Lanzarote’s vineyards and taste its unique wines, you’re not just sampling a beverage – you’re partaking in centuries of tradition, innovation, and the indomitable spirit of an island that has turned adversity into liquid gold.